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Guided democracy, also called managed democracy,〔Rohmann, C (2000) A World of Ideas : The Dictionary of Important Ideas and Thinkers, Ballantine Books ISBN 978-0-345-43706-8〕 is a democratic government with increased autocracy. Governments are legitimated by elections that are free and fair but emptied of substantive meaning in their ability to change the state's policies, motives, and goals.〔 p. 47〕 In other words, the government has learned to control elections so that the people can exercise all their rights without truly changing public policy. While they follow basic democratic principles, there can be major deviations towards authoritarianism. Under managed democracy, the electorate is prevented from having a significant impact on policies adopted by the state's continuous use of propaganda techniques.〔 p. 60〕 The concept of a "guided democracy" was developed in the 20th century by Walter Lippmann in his seminal work ''Public Opinion'' (1922) and by Edward Bernays in his work ''Crystallizing Public Opinion''. After the Second World War, the term was used in Indonesia for the approach to government under the Sukarno administration from 1957 to 1966. It is today widely employed in Russia, where it was introduced into common practice by Kremlin theorists, in particular Gleb Pavlovsky,. Princeton University professor Sheldon Wolin describes this process as inverted totalitarianism. == See also == *Enlightened despotism *Tavistock Institute *Totalitarian democracy *Types of democracy 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Guided democracy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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